In a landmark ruling, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has issued its detailed verdict in the Noor Mukadam murder case, confirming the death sentence of Zahir Jaffer. This case, one of the most harrowing in Pakistan’s legal history, also introduced a pivotal legal precedent—the recognition of CCTV footage as primary evidence under the silent witness doctrine. This ruling is expected to redefine how courts handle digital evidence in criminal proceedings.
Key Highlights of the Supreme Court Verdict
- Death sentence for Zahir Jaffer confirmed
- Rape conviction upheld with life imprisonment
- Kidnapping and extortion charges dismissed
- Co-accused Muhammad Iftikhar and Muhammad Jan released
- Digital and CCTV footage accepted as primary admissible evidence
Digital Evidence Recognized as Admissible Proof
The 13-page verdict, issued by a three-member bench led by Justice Hashim Khan Kakar, with Justice Ishtiaq Ibrahim and Justice Ali Baqar Najafi, has cemented digital evidence as a reliable form of proof. According to the Supreme Court, CCTV recordings, DVRs, and hard drives can be used in court without an eyewitness, provided they meet legal standards for authenticity and integrity.
“The footage in this case was found authentic, showing Zahir Jaffer physically assaulting Noor Mukadam,” the judgment noted.
This sets a new standard, as the court emphasized that such evidence does not require corroboration if its authenticity is verifiable.
Conviction of Zahir Jaffer Reaffirmed
Zahir Jaffer’s death penalty under Section 302 of the Pakistan Penal Code has been upheld. The court also confirmed his rape conviction, resulting in a life sentence. However, his charges of kidnapping and extortion were dismissed due to a lack of substantial evidence.
The judgment strongly condemned his actions, labeling Zahir Jaffer a “ruthless and cold-blooded murderer”, unworthy of any leniency.
Moreover, DNA reports and blood evidence on the murder weapon supported the forensic case against him, adding further credibility to the verdict.
Release of Co-Accused Muhammad Iftikhar and Muhammad Jan
The Supreme Court ordered the release of Muhammad Iftikhar (watchman) and Muhammad Jan (gardener). Both had received 10-year sentences for allegedly assisting Jaffer. However, the court ruled that the time already served was sufficient, leading to their immediate release.
Timeline: Key Events in the Noor Mukadam Murder Case
July 20, 2021 – The Murder
- Noor Mukadam, a 27-year-old daughter of former diplomat Shaukat Mukadam, was brutally murdered at the Islamabad residence of Zahir Jaffer.
- Her beheaded body was found at the crime scene, triggering nationwide protests against violence toward women.
Immediate Arrest and Investigation
- Police arrested Zahir Jaffer on the spot.
- CCTV footage revealed Noor Mukadam trying to escape and being forcibly restrained—crucial evidence later upheld in court.
Trial and Appeals: How the Case Progressed
February 2022
An Islamabad Sessions Court sentenced Zahir Jaffer to death. His staff—Muhammad Iftikhar and Muhammad Jan—received 10-year prison terms for aiding him.
2023
The Islamabad High Court reaffirmed the lower court’s decision.
2025
The Supreme Court confirmed Zahir’s convictions and acquitted the co-accused, bringing finality to the case.
Mental Health Defense Rejected by Supreme Court
Zahir Jaffer’s lawyer, Barrister Salman Safdar, claimed his client was mentally unfit for trial and that the conviction relied solely on CCTV evidence. The court rejected these arguments, stating that both digital and forensic evidence provided a solid basis for conviction. The footage clearly showed the accused’s actions, leaving no room for doubt.
Legal and Social Impact of the Verdict
This ruling marks a turning point in Pakistani law by formally recognizing the silent witness doctrine—a principle widely used in countries like the United States. It emphasizes the admissibility of digital evidence even in the absence of eyewitnesses.
The case also delivers a powerful message: Justice is possible, even against individuals with wealth and influence. The judgment reinforces the judiciary’s commitment to fighting gender-based violence.
Conclusion: A Defining Moment for Justice in Pakistan
The Noor Mukadam case stands as a tragic yet defining moment in Pakistan’s fight for justice and women’s safety. While the loss is immeasurable, the Supreme Court’s final ruling brings a semblance of justice.
By recognizing digital evidence as primary proof, the case sets a new legal standard. The ruling serves as both a precedent for future trials and a reminder that justice must prevail, no matter how powerful the accused.
